Paula Gunn Allen, "The Sacred Hoop"
| Western Cultures and Literatures | Native American Cultures and Literatures |
| individualistic | relational |
| self-expression | tribal expression |
| isolation | integration |
| space=linear | space=spherical |
| time=sequential | time=cyclical |
| hierarchical/dualistic | egalitarian |
| conflict-crisis-resolution | accretion of meaning |
| static | dynamic |
| divide spiritual and material | spiritual and material=alternative realities |
| technical/scientific | mystical |
| anthropomorphic divinity | All Spirit includes human and non-human |
cermony: purpose to integrate, psychic journey
repetition: reinforce theme, integrate individual
symbolism: object perceived psychically not metaphorically
sacred: filled with power (medicine or magic=possession and use of power)
secrecy: forbidden use of sacred materials